BEBERAPA JENIS ENZIM

Amylase –
digests starch and carbohydrates from potatoes and grains

Alcalase –
a proteolytic enzyme (one subset of protease) designed to hydrolyze all kinds of proteins including hemoglobin. Alcalase is readily soluble in water at all reasonable use concentrations. Alcalase is active in the hydrolysis of a wide variety of proteins. As a dry enzyme, Alcalase will lose only 1 to 2% activity per month at room temperature. (also referrred to as subtilisin)

Acid phosphatase
(a hydrolase type enzyme that catalyses the conversion of an ortho-phosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and ortho-phosphate. Enzyme more commonly produced by gram-negative species, but recently discovered in strains of Bacillus that also produce high levels of esterase and esterase-lipase enzymes.

Alcohol dehydrogenase
(S & R) - reduce ketones.

Alcohol oxidase –
uses primary alcohol and molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor

Aldehyde hydrogenase –
together with others, breaks aliphatic hydrocarbons into fatty acids

Alkyl sulfatase –
a detergent splitting enzyme

Alkaline phosphatase –
an enzyme that scavenges phosphate from organic sources, when inorganic phosphate is limited in wastewater.

Ammonia monoogygenase –
used by Nitrosomonas europaea to convert ammonia to nitrite.

Alpha galactosidase –
digests poly and oligo-saccharides from plant origin, such as from legumes, usually can also digest sugars including raffinose, stachiose and mellibiose. Bacteria that produce this enzyme are especially useful in green-waste composting , etc. - see CF 1008, 7014, 7016, 7114 7119 & 8000..

Beta-1, 4-Galactosyltransferase –
synthesis of disaccharides.

Beta-galactosidase –
hydrolyzes ONPG to o-nitrophenol and galactose

Beta-glucanase
(aka 1,3-beta-D-glucan-3-glucanohydralase or 1,4-beta-D-glucan-4-glucanohydralase) one of three enyzmes responsible for cellulose degradation, specifically breaks down beta-linked glucose polymers often associated with grains, such as barley, oats, wheat, soy bean meal, locust bean gum, etc. Broadly classified as a "gumase" activity.

Casease –
a protease that breaks down casein in milk and cream

Carbonyl reductase –
reduces carbonyl to alcohols

Cellulase –
Degrades the main structural components of cell wall material. Degrades cellulose and hemicellulose, thus initiating the digestion of sawdust, grass clippings, paper, toilet paper, tissue, etc.

Chymotrypsin –
secondary enzyme to trypsin, usually found together from animal or bacterial source.

Citrase –
enzyme converts citrate to pyruvic acid, acetic acid and carbon dioxide, which raises the pH of the agar slant turning it blue, when positive.

Cytochrome C. oxidase –
used by Nitrobacter winogradskyl to recover energy when converting nitrite to nitrate.

Cyanide dihydratase
one of the enzymes used to convert cyanide to ammonia and carbon dioxide. Other enzymes needed to complete the pathway are: :cyanide hydratase, cyanoalanine synthase, asparagene synthase.

Esterase –
breaks down fat

Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase –
another enzyme used by Nitrosomonas europaea

Hyponitrate reductase –
catalyst to turn hyponitrate to nitrogen gas, part of denitrification.

Invertase
(aka Beta-fructofuranosidase) - hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose + fructose.

Lactase –
digests lactic acid in milk products. Given as supplement to people lacking this enzyme if they wish to ingest dairy foods.

Leucine arylamidase –
enzyme that breaks down amino acid leucine into acetyl acetate and acetyl-coA, More common in gram-negative bacteria, but produced by a nice selection of Alken-Murray's Bacillus strains.

Lipase –
digests animal and vegetable fats and oils. The first stage of glycerol digestion is accomplished with this enzyme. This enzyme does not degrade petrochemical oils.

Lipolase –
lipolytic enzyme (a particular lipase) produced for incorporation into automatic laundry detergents. Lipolase catalyses the hydrolysis of triglycerides into more soluble materials, usually a mixture of mono- and di- glycerides, glycerol and free fatty acids. Lipolase has broad activity and promotes the hydrolysis of a wide variety of fatty substances. A dry enzyme, stable for a least one year refrigerated.

Mono-methanoxigenase –
together with others, breaks aliphatic hydrocarbons into fatty acids

Nitrate reductase –
used bycertain Paracoccus pantotrophus. Nitrosomonas europaea, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus licheniformis, among other strains, under anoxic or anaerobic conditions to convert nitrate to nitrite. This enzyme performs the first step in denitrification, and more strains can perform this step than can reduce nitrate all the way to nitrogen gas or nitrous oxide.

Nitrite oxidoreductase –
an enzyme of Nitrobacter winogradskyl, etc. used to convert nitrite to nitrate

Nitrite reductase –
used by a number of denitrifying bacterial strains to convert nitrite to nitrogen gas, completing denitrification. Most strains of denitrifying bacteria, including Pseudomonas, can only denitrify under anoxic conditions, preferring dissolved oxygen when it is available, however, a few rare strains of bacteria appear to prefer nitrate and nitrite over dissolved oxygen, as long as dissolved oxygen levels are moderately low. These species include Paracoccus pantotrophus, Thiobacillus denitrificans (which is unable to use O2 under any circumstances, so often dies off in a high oxygen environment), Bacillus pumilus (2 strains in AM collection), which prefer nitrate and nitrite no matter how high the oxygen level is, but they are not poisoned by available oxgen.

Nitrogenase –
reduces acetylene to ethylene

Pectinase –
digests pectin in fruit, food supplement from Aspergillus niger

Pentosanase –
digests pentosan gum from wheat flour

Peptidase –
assists protease in the digestion of proteins.

Phenanthrene dioxygenase –
breaks phenanthrene into cis-3,4-Dihyroxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene

Protease –
digests proteins from gelatin, meat, grains & vegetable extracts, releasing amino acids and small peptides. Bacillus subtilis protease enzyme extract approved as GRAS food supplement.

Pyruvate Decarboxylase –
breaks down pyruvate.

Sulfide oxidase –
oxidizes sulfide into sulfate or sulfuric acid

Tannase –
hydrolyses polymeric gallate into gallate and alcohol or glucose; also hydrolyses ester links in other tannins (useful for waste handling for leather manufacturing industry)

Trypsin –
peptide hydrolase, another pathway to protein digestion. Comparable to pancreatic enzyme that allows humans and animals to digest legumes and related plants. ,

Xylanase –
breaks down a gummy substance of the pentosan class, present in woody tissue, and yielding xylose on hydrolysis (aka wood gum). A number of AMH series microbes and our two new low pH pine forest soil microbes possess the xylanase and xylosidase enzymes.

sumber :Alken Murray corporation